On December 24, 1818, 201 years ago, the song “Stille Nacht” (Silent Night) was sung for the very first time. Today, this treasured Christmas carol has been translated into approximately 300 languages!
In Mariapfarr, Austria, in the year 1816 (the same year that Indiana became the 19th U.S. state), an Austrian priest by the name of Joseph Mohr wrote the lyrics to a song he titled, “Stille Nacht.” Two years later, school teacher and church organist Franz Gruber composed the music to Stille Nacht and performed it for the first time on guitar, not organ, during a Christmas midnight mass at St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, Austria.
Who Wrote Silent Night?
Joseph Mohr was born in Salzburg on December 11, 1792 to Anna Shoiber and Franz Mohr. Joseph was conceived out of wedlock which was socially unacceptable, making him an outcast. To top it off, his father deserted his mother when she became pregnant. Anna and young Joseph suffered socially and financially. God saw fit to provide a sort of father figure and role model for Joseph though. Johann Nepomuk Hiernle, the church choirmaster, noticed Joseph’s musical abilities and made sure Joseph received an education including learning organ, guitar and violin. These opportunities led to Joseph choosing a future in the priesthood, entering the priestly seminary in Salzburg at age 19. He was ordained in 1815 at 23 years of age.
“He first served in the village of Mariapfarr, where his grandfather lived, and where he wrote the text of ‘Silent Night’ (or ‘Stille Nacht’) in 1816,” writes Steve Huey for All Music.com. A painting of Mary and the three kings (wise men) on the side of the 12th century church known as “Zu unserer Lieben Frau” (To our beloved woman) in Mariapfarr, may have been the inspiration for Mohr’s six-verse poem. “The line ‘Holy infant, so tender and mild’ certainly reminds of the curly blonde Baby Jesus depicted on the painting,” writes stillenacht.com.
Health issues brought on by the harsh climate in Mariapfarr forced Mohr to return to Salzburg in 1817. After he recovered, he moved to Oberndorf, there befriending church organist Franz Xaver Gruber who was five years Mohr’s senior. Gruber was a schoolteacher in the neighboring town of Arnsdorf. It was Gruber who composed the music to Mohr’s Christmas poem.
Performance and Reception
“Stille Nacht” was sung by Mohr and Gruber and performed by Gruber on guitar shortly after midnight on the morning of December 25, 1818, at the St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, Austria. “…the song was sung in the church room in front of the nativity scene after mass had already been completed,” writes stillenacht.com. Thomas Mohr and Franz Gruber remained friends for many years. And the rest, as we say, is history.
The carol attracted attention. As the story goes, the organ at St. Nicholas’ fell into disrepair (perhaps the reason “Stille Nacht” was first performed on a guitar). Organ repairman, Karl Mauracher was called on to repair it, heard the song, and brought it back to his home in the Ziller valley near Tyrol, Austria. Timothy Garton Ash of the Irish Times writes “There he (Mauracher) played or sang it to a family of singing sisters, the Strassers, who seem to have been something vaguely like the Julie Andrews gang in The Sound of Music. The Strasser sisters incorporated Silent Night into their repertoire as they travelled around German-speaking central Europe selling gloves and trilling songs.”
The carol soon after became a traditional part of Christmas in German-speaking countries. Amazingly, "Stille Nacht" became Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV's favorite Christmas carol!
It was a rough beginning for Joseph Mohr: a fatherless childhood, an impoverished upbringing, and yet, thanks to his relationship with God, a loving mother, and talented, caring friends, Joseph was used by God to pen words that still challenge, move, and inspire us to this day.
How Did Silent Night Become Popular in America?
The German version of the song became popular in the United States two decades before it was translated into English. (German speakers were immigrating to America at this point in history by the millions.) “Stille Nacht” was performed for the first time in America in Central Park, Manhattan, at the Alexander Hamilton Monument by the Rainer family, another group of singing sisters, in 1839. It was ultimately translated into English by John Freeman Young in 1863. The English lyrics to "Silent Night" are below:
Silent Night Lyrics
Silent night, holy night!
All is calm, all is bright
Round yon virgin mother and Child.
Holy Infant, so tender and mild,
Sleep in heavenly peace,
Sleep in heavenly peace.
Silent night, holy night!
Shepherds quake at the sight;
Glories stream from heaven afar,
Heav’nly hosts sing Alleluia!
hrist the Savior is born,
Christ the Savior is born!
Silent night, holy night!
Son of God, love’s pure light
Radiant beams from Thy holy face
With the dawn of redeeming grace,
Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth,
Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth.
Silent night, holy night!
Wondrous star, lend thy light;
With the angels let us sing,
Alleluia to our King;
Christ the Savior is born,
Christ the Savior is born!
“One of the most famous stories about this carol was from the Christmas Eve Truce in WW1. On Christmas Eve 1914 the Germans began singing, ‘Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht’ and so began the Christmas Truce,” says Christmas Carols.us.
What Do the Lyrics of the German “Stille Nacht” Mean?
The following is a literal translation, done by Hyde Flippo, of three of the six original verses from the German:
Silent night! Holy night!
All asleep, lonely wakes
Only the faithful sacred pair
Blessed boy with curly hair
Sleep in heavenly peace
Sleep in heavenly peace
Silent night, holy night,
Shepherds just informed
By the angels’ hallelujah,
It rings out far and wide:
Christ the Savior is here!
Christ the Savior is here!
Silent night, holy night,
Son of God, oh how laughs
Love out of your divine mouth,
For now the hour of salvation strikes for us.
Christ, in Thy birth!
Christ, in Thy birth!
Not Just a Song Writer, but a World Changer
Toward the end of his life, Joseph Mohr took a final vicarage in Wagrain, Austria in 1837. Writers at Stille Nacht.com sum up the end of his life in this way:
“Thanks to Mohr’s initiative, a school was built in Wagrain for more than a hundred children where there had previously just been a single classroom. Mohr also founded a compensation fund in order to enable children of impoverished parents to go to school. The later created home for poor and elderly people is also a result of his efforts. On 4 December 1848, nearly 30 years after the first performance of his song, the lyricist died of his lung problems, probably exacerbated by an infection triggered by a winter walk. His only estate was his guitar, which later came to be owned by Franz Xaver Gruber’s family. The ‘Priest of the Poor’ never witnessed the success that his Christmas song would have throughout the world”
The Horror of War Paused by a Silent Night
written by David Burchett
The year was 1914 and soldiers were having to spend Christmas Eve night on the battlefields of France during World War I, the Great War, as it was called. After only four months of fighting, more than a million men had already perished in the bloody conflict. The bodies of dead soldiers were scattered between the trenches. Enemy troops were dug-in so close that they could easily exchange shouts.
On December 24, 1914, in the middle of a freezing battlefield in France, a miracle happened. The British troops watched in amazement as candle-lit Christmas trees began to appear above the German trenches. The glowing trees soon appeared along the length of the German front. Henry Williamson, a young soldier with the London Regiment wrote in his diary: “From the German parapet, a rich baritone voice had begun to sing a song I remembered my German nurse singing to me…. The grave and tender voice rose out of the frozen mist. It was all so strange… like being in another world — to which one had come through a nightmare.”
Silent Night
Holy Night
All is calm
All is quiet
“They finished their carol and we thought that we ought to retaliate,” another British soldier wrote, “So we sang “The First Noël” and when we finished, they all began clapping. And they struck up “O Tannebaum” and on it went… until we started up “O Come All Ye Faithful” [and] the Germans immediately joined in …. this was really a most extraordinary thing — two nations both singing the same carol in the middle of a war.”It is recorded that enemy soldiers greeted each other in the no man’s land that was a killing zone the day before. The soldiers wished each other Merry Christmas and agreed not to fire their rifles on Christmas Day. The spontaneous cease-fire eventually embraced much of a 500-mile stretch of the Western Front. According to the reports of soldiers at the scene, hundreds of thousands of soldiers celebrated the birth of the Prince of Peace among the bodies of their dead.
Other soldiers told of how the “enemies” exchanged badges and buttons from their uniforms. Others shared photos of wives and children and some even exchanged addresses and promised to write after the war ended. The German troops rolled out barrels of dark beer and the British reciprocated with offerings of plum pudding. Some soldiers produced soccer balls and a spirited match broke out as fellow soldiers shouted encouragement.
At one location along the front the men who just the day before sought to kill one another now gathered together to bury their dead. Together, with heads uncovered, they held a service to memorialize their fallen comrades. A solitary voice began to sing Silent Night, in French. He was joined by another voice — this one singing in German — the words of a Christmas song known and beloved by all.
But the miracle of peace was temporary. Slowly, under threats from their officers, the troops returned to the trenches and the recoils of rifles split the temporary “Silent Night.” Some soldiers admitted aiming so their bullets flew well above the heads of the “enemy.”
Sources
All Music: Artist Biography
Christmas Carols: Silent Night – A History of the Carol
Stille Nacht: Joseph Mohr (1792 – 1848)
The Irish Times: Luck and the mice in the church organ by Timothy Garton Ash
German Way: “Stille Nacht” – Lyrics
Kristi Walker has been a missionary in Berlin, Germany for over 15 years working with an international church as the Director of Student Ministries. She is the author of two books - Disappointment: A Subtle Path Away from Christ and Convinced. Applying Biblical Principles to Life’s Choices.
Kristi Walker has been a missionary in Berlin, Germany for over 19 years working with CrossWay International Baptist Church. She is the author of three books: Disappointment: A Subtle Path Away from Christ, Convinced: Applying Biblical Principles to Life’s Choices, and Big Picture: 66 Books, 1 Message.