7. Learning disabilities. Average or above average intellectual ability but unique learning problems that interfere with the ability to read write, spell, or learn arithmetic skills.

8. Hearing impairments. Hearing loss that prevents successful functioning in an educational program without specialized instruction, additional support services, and guidance.

9. Autism. A developmental disability that affects a child’s social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication; it is often evident before age three and adversely affects learning and educational performance.

10. Emotional disturbances. Social, emotional, or behavioral functioning that significantly interferes with the total educational program and development; the condition must be severe, chronic, and observable at school.

11. Visual impairments. Impairments, determined by an ophthalmologist, that are severe enough to prevent successful functioning in an educational program without guidance and accommodation.²

Your Child’s Educational Rights

All parents should be familiar with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. It requires that schools do not discriminate against disabled children and do provide them with reasonable adjustments. It covers all private or public programs or activities that receive federal assistance. Under Section 504, any person who has an impairment that substantially limits a major life activity is considered disabled. Learning and social development are included under the list of major life activities. Usually these children’s disabilities are less severe or do not fit with the IDEA criteria.

7 Reasonable Adjustments for a Disabled Child in a Regular Classroom

1. Untimed tests

2. Seat in the front of the class

3. Modified homework

4. Provision of the necessary services (speech, reading, psychological)

5. An amplifier on a hard-of-hearing child’s desk

6. A clean change of clothes

7. An interpreter for non-English-speaking children

14 Rights of Parents Who Have Children with Special Needs

1. You must be fully informed. The school must inform you about all of the rights provided to you and your child under the law.

2. You have the right to a free, appropriate public school education. This means that your disabled child’s education will be at no cost to you, and it will meet your child’s special needs.

3. You must be notified if the school wishes to evaluate your child. Your permission is required for all special education services or changes in his or her placement.

4. You may request an evaluation. If you think your child needs special education or related services, take the following steps:

         a. Meet with your child’s teacher to share your concerns and request an evaluation by the school’s child-study team.